Gear continuously variable transmission or toothed CVT represents the planetary mechanism in which wheels form the closed kinematic chain in the form of closed contour. Gear CVT has constant engagement of wheels and secures the variable transfer ratio which depends on the torque. The transfer works automatically without any control system. Gear CVT has been created by inventors intuitively as essentially new mechanism having two degrees of freedom. Action of such mechanism could not be described theoretically on the basis of the existing theory of mechanisms with one degree of freedom. Numerous researches and numerical checks have allowed to formulate the main differences gear CVT from existing mechanisms and to describe theoretically its work.
The main difference of transfer is defined by presence of the closed contour. The new theoretical approach provides the analysis of equilibrium of separate links and the subsequent association of the received equations. Essentially new theoretical substantiation gear CVT has been executed on the basis of mechanics laws.
However long time the transmission was considered efficient only in the presence of an internal friction or additional resistance on one of wheels. Only recently it has been proved that the closed contour possesses unique property. Energy circulation in a contour creates the additional constraint which provides definability of the kinematic chain motion. There was a theoretical substantiation of gear continuously variable transfer as definable mechanical system with ideal constraints.
The developed theory is the tool of the analysis and synthesis of essentially new kind of transfers-the stepless gear transmissions adapting for variable technological loading.
The developed theory of force adaptation in the mechanics allows using the found effect of force adaptation for creation of basic new highly effective systems in various branches of techniques.
Let's list main routes of use of adaptive transmissions: automatic mechanical gear box for easy and heavy transport techniques, adaptive drive of a drawing bench, adaptive drive of a lathe, adaptive motor-wheel, adaptive drive of transport cart, adaptive drive of manipulator, adaptive vibrating drive, adaptive tackle purchase, adaptive drive of sport techniques, automatic self-controlled electric drive, adaptive drive of electric motor car, adaptive drive of wind turbine, adaptive drive of piston of the hydro cylinder.
02Meet the Guest Editors
Our distinguished editors bring deep subject-matter expertise to curate high-quality research and ensure a rigorous peer-review process.
Lead Guest Editor
Konstantin Samson Ivanov
Applied Mechanics, Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Guest Editor
Malek Gassoumi
Department of Physics, College of Science, university of Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
Guest Editor
biao xu
songjiang distinct, longteng road NO.333, Shanghai CHINA, China
Guest Editor
mojtaba ashouri
mechanical engneering, shahrood university of technology, Iran
Guest Editor
Mojtaba Ashouri
Department of Mechanical Engneering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
03Published Articles
The following articles have been published in this special issue.
Abstract: Adaptive transmission represents a wheelwork which is converting a variable rotational velocity of a wind wheel to constant rotational velocity of the generator shaft. Advantages of adaptive transmission: simplicity and reliability. The principle of act of adaptive transmission is based on use of the “Effect of force adaptation” in the kinematic chain with two degrees of freedom (at the science discovery). The research problem: to develop the scheme of the adaptive mechanism and regularity of interacting of its parameters for creation of highly effective wind turbines.Abstract: Adaptive transmission represents a wheelwork which is converting a variable rotational velocity of a wind wheel to constant rotational velocity of the generator shaft. Advantages of adaptive transmission: simplicity and reliability. The principle of act of adaptive transmission is based on use of the “Effect of force adaptation” in the kinematic ch...Show More
Abstract: Wheel steams of an electric rolling stock are drive in rotation by traction engines which are placed in traction carts. Individual traction drive at which each wheel pair is drive in rotation by the traction engine has received wide application. In this drive the district speeds of wheels of wheel pairs appear different. It is necessary to create the control system of traction engines excluding their mismatch that is extremely difficult problem. Other variant of the decision of a problem consists in that the tooth gearing from the engine to wheel pair had the operated adjustable transfer ratio. Now under the patent of Kazakhstan it is developed the motor-wheel with an adaptive tooth gearing. Adaptive motor-wheel does not demand control system use. The use of adaptive motors-wheels will allow completely eliminating of mismatch of traction efforts of engines and sliding of wheels.Abstract: Wheel steams of an electric rolling stock are drive in rotation by traction engines which are placed in traction carts. Individual traction drive at which each wheel pair is drive in rotation by the traction engine has received wide application. In this drive the district speeds of wheels of wheel pairs appear different. It is necessary to create t...Show More
Abstract: Drives of machines which are used now do not possess ability to be adapted for extreme working conditions. Such conditions are connected with possible difficulties of motion because of deviations from operation norms (for example, because of long inactivity, deterioration of conditions of lubricant, minor damages, a temperature difference, etc.). In the conditions of impossibility of elimination of minor failures on the move (for example in aeronautical engineering) insignificant discrepancy of operation of service mechanism can serve as a cause of accident. Recently the technological direction of use of adaptive drive of machines is advanced. The adaptive drive mechanism contains the engine and the self-regulated transmission mechanism. The adaptive gear transmission mechanism with two degrees of freedom has ability to actuate an executive end-effector with a speed inversely to external load at constant engine power. It means that even in presence of handicap in motion of end-effector the drive mechanism breakage will not occur. The adaptive vibratory mechanism in the form of the closed gear differential with unbalanced masses can procure effective vibratory action on the end-effector. Such vibratory mechanism will procure the reliable overcoming of operational overloads. In offered work the describing of the vibratory mechanism with unbalanced masses is considered. Work is executed on the basis of mechanics laws.Abstract: Drives of machines which are used now do not possess ability to be adapted for extreme working conditions. Such conditions are connected with possible difficulties of motion because of deviations from operation norms (for example, because of long inactivity, deterioration of conditions of lubricant, minor damages, a temperature difference, etc.). I...Show More
Abstract: The project provides the organization of creation of machine-building manufacture of essentially new highly effective transmissions for motor industry on the basis of Machine-building factory (Saint- Petersburg, Almaty). Object of manufacture is the techniques created on the basis of science discovery by scientists and designers of university AUES and institute of Mechanics and Machine Science NAN RK after name academician U.A. Djoldasbekov (Kazakhstan). Creation of machine-building manufacture is based on use of the developed unique methods of synthesis and the discovery «Effect of force adaptation in the mechanics». Discovery materials are published in works of the international scientific forums, since 1995. Theoretical possibilities of discovery are realized by the gear mechanism with two degrees of freedom. Cogwheels are in constant gearing. At constant input power of the engine the target shaft of the mechanism rotates with a speed, inversely proportional variable loading without a gear change. Concrete application: a batch production of transmissions of cars for sale abroad.Abstract: The project provides the organization of creation of machine-building manufacture of essentially new highly effective transmissions for motor industry on the basis of Machine-building factory (Saint- Petersburg, Almaty). Object of manufacture is the techniques created on the basis of science discovery by scientists and designers of university AUES ...Show More
Abstract: Mechanical automatic-box is developed on the basis of discovery «Effect of force adaptation in mechanics». Automatic- box represents the gear differential with two degrees of freedom which has a cogwheels closed contour. Closed contour imposes additional constraint on motion of links and provides definability of motion. Automatic-box has constant engagement of cogwheels. Transfer ratio of the box is independently brought into accord to output loading. Laws of transfer parameters interaction in geometrical and analytical form are presented in the work.Abstract: Mechanical automatic-box is developed on the basis of discovery «Effect of force adaptation in mechanics». Automatic- box represents the gear differential with two degrees of freedom which has a cogwheels closed contour. Closed contour imposes additional constraint on motion of links and provides definability of motion. Automatic-box has constant e...Show More
Abstract: Gear adaptive transmission represents itself as the gear variator with the variable transfer ratio. Unsuccessful attempts of creation of a gear variator were undertaken repeatedly. The main problem is - maintenance of constant gearing of cogwheels of a variator. The decision of this problem is based on use of science discovery in the kinematic chain with two degrees of freedom. The gear variator in the form of the closed differential mechanism has definability and allows changing the transfer ratio in the set range. Thus external variable technological loading changes the transfer ratio itself. The adaptive to variable loading gear variator works without the control mechanism. The gear variator opens essentially new concept of creation of adaptive techniques for machines with variable technological resistance (for example, adaptive gearboxes). The theory of a gear variator is based on a discovery «Effect of force adaptation in mechanics», published in leading editions of world press. According to this discovery the kinematic chain with two degrees of freedom, containing the mobile closed contour, becomes the definable mechanism at presence only one input link. Such mechanism gets property independently to change speed of motion of an output link depending on variable loading. The discovery is based on mechanics laws. In work the bases of the theory of a gear adaptive variator are stated.Abstract: Gear adaptive transmission represents itself as the gear variator with the variable transfer ratio. Unsuccessful attempts of creation of a gear variator were undertaken repeatedly. The main problem is - maintenance of constant gearing of cogwheels of a variator. The decision of this problem is based on use of science discovery in the kinematic chai...Show More
Abstract: Paradox of the mechanism theory has been detected in connection with attempts of practical use mechanism with two degree of freedom and one entry for achievement of power adaptation. According to the mechanism theory and machines such mechanism is statically indefinable. However recently there were patents and publications with the description of efficient two mobile adaptive mechanisms with one entry. Paradox of the mechanism theory consists in the following: the kinematic chain with two degree of freedom and one entry containing the closed contour is statically and kinematically definable. In Ivanov's works the proof of definability of two mobile kinematic chain motion is resulted on the basis of additional analytical constraint by a virtual works principle. A certain geometrical image comparable to design there should match to analytical additional constraint. The present work is devoted to disclosing of a geometric constraint of parameters of kinematic chain with two degree of freedom and to statement of the mechanism theory paradox in geometrical and an analytic form. Work is executed on the basis of regularities of mechanics and mechanism theory.Abstract: Paradox of the mechanism theory has been detected in connection with attempts of practical use mechanism with two degree of freedom and one entry for achievement of power adaptation. According to the mechanism theory and machines such mechanism is statically indefinable. However recently there were patents and publications with the description of e...Show More
