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Study of Symbiotic Pathogenic Microorganisms Associated with Phytophthora colocasiae Causal Agent of Taro Mildew (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott)
Asseng Charles Carnot
,
Nanda Djomou Giresse Ledoux
,
Ebongo Lobe Emmanuel
,
Akono Ntonga Patrick
,
Mbida Jean Arthur
,
Ngono Ngane Annie
,
Ambang Zachée
,
Monkam Tchamaha Fabrice
,
Djouokep Léonel Gautier
Issue: Volume 5, Issue 5-1, October 2017
Pages: 33-42
Received: 16 July 2017
Accepted: 16 August 2017
Published: 10 October 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.plant.s.2017050501.15
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Abstract: Symbiotic pathogenic microorganisms associated with P. colocasiae leading to the manifestation of taro mildew have been identified and studied. The experiment was carried out in an experimental set-up consisting of completely randomized blocks with three treatments (infection with the pure strain, with the unpurified strain and a co-infection with both strains). Isolation and purification of the microorganisms was carried out in the PDA medium and the identification on the analysis of the macroscopic and microscopic morphological characters. The results of the trapping revealed among several a single microorganism which has a high affinity with P. colocasiae, this microorganism named Vorticella is identified as the agent of the amplification of the severity of the downy mildew. Greenhouse studies of taro plants showed that the unpurified strain caused enough damage with 96.67% disease incidence and a severity of 70.18% compared to plants inoculated with pure strain which had an incidence of 40% and a severity of 10.48%. All these results show that P. colocasiae is the causal agent of the mildew of the taro in the infection and the development of the disease; it is accompanied by other microorganisms with which it forms a biofilm. In this biofilm there is a microorganism which plays a very important role in the spread of the disease and it is thanks to it that all parts of the plant are attacked.
Abstract: Symbiotic pathogenic microorganisms associated with P. colocasiae leading to the manifestation of taro mildew have been identified and studied. The experiment was carried out in an experimental set-up consisting of completely randomized blocks with three treatments (infection with the pure strain, with the unpurified strain and a co-infection with ...
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Chronic Administration of Bauhinia forficata Link Reduced Exploratory Activity Without Affecting Blood Glucose in Healthy Rats
Henriette Gellert Moranza
,
Laerte Scanavaca-Júnior
,
Maria Isabel Mataqueiro
,
Antonio de Queiroz-Neto
,
Guilherme de Camargo Ferraz
Issue: Volume 5, Issue 5-1, October 2017
Pages: 27-32
Received: 30 January 2017
Accepted: 6 February 2017
Published: 6 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.plant.s.2017050501.14
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Abstract: This study provides information about the effect of chronic ingestion of a decoction of Bauhinia forficata on the behavior of rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the exploratory activity, anxiety level, and blood glucose of healthy rats submitted to prolonged treatment with a decoction of B.forficata. Twenty male rats, aged two months and weighing approximately 145g were randomly distributed into two groups. The Bauhinia group freely ingested a decoction of B.forficata for 4 weeks, while the control group received water. Body weight, food and fluid intake, and glycemic index were quantified. The open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests were applied at the end of the experiment. Data were analyzed by Student’s t test for unpaired samples, with a significance level of P<0.05. The results of the EPM test were analyzed by the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and blood glucose by the Bonferroni test. There were no significant differences in body weight, food intake or glycemic index between the Bauhinia and control groups. Net liquid intake was higher in the Bauhinia group. EPM results did not differ between groups, but in the OF test, the frequencies of rearing and locomotion were lower and immobility time was increased for rats in the Bauhinia group. In conclusion, B.forficata reduced exploratory activity and did not alter blood glucose in healthy rats.
Abstract: This study provides information about the effect of chronic ingestion of a decoction of Bauhinia forficata on the behavior of rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the exploratory activity, anxiety level, and blood glucose of healthy rats submitted to prolonged treatment with a decoction of B.forficata. Twenty male rats, aged two months an...
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Effect of Culture Density of Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum) on the Insect Infestation
Asseng Charles Carnot
,
Tiako Tchatag Emmanuel Alvarest
,
Okolle Justin
,
Ambang Zachée
,
Monkam Tchamaha Fabrice
Issue: Volume 5, Issue 5-1, October 2017
Pages: 19-26
Received: 14 September 2016
Accepted: 21 November 2016
Published: 22 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.plant.s.2017050501.13
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Abstract: Leafy vegetables to which the black nightshade belongs occupy an important place in the world economy and contribute effectively to food security. But their culture is limited by the aggressiveness of pests and diseases. The study was based on a trial in the field in the experimental plots of IRAD-Ekona. Four density levels (T1, T2, T3 and T4) respectively corresponding to distances: random, 20cm x 20cm, 30cm x 30cm, 40cm x 25cm were tested. The results obtained and presented here show that in general, S. nigrum is strongly attacked by three types of insects: aphids, black ants and whiteflies. The citation order marks the order of importance of the attack. Indeed, when the culture densities are large (20cm x 20cm or random), S. nigrum is subject to many attacks. Culture density positively influences certain growth parameters (p ≤ 5%) and the yield of all varieties studied. The high densities (T1 and T2) are an ideal ecosystem for the attraction and development of insects; major disease vectors. The T3 treatment (30cm x 30cm) could be recommended to farmers to improve cultivation techniques and effectively increase their yield.
Abstract: Leafy vegetables to which the black nightshade belongs occupy an important place in the world economy and contribute effectively to food security. But their culture is limited by the aggressiveness of pests and diseases. The study was based on a trial in the field in the experimental plots of IRAD-Ekona. Four density levels (T1, T2, T3 and T4) resp...
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Study on Antibacterial Activity of Cajanus cajan L. Against Coliforms Isolated from Industrial Waste Water in Bangladesh
Md. Motiar Rahman
,
Md. Sahab Uddin
,
Md. Rashed Nejum
,
S. M. S. Al Din
,
G. M. Sala Uddin
Issue: Volume 5, Issue 5-1, October 2017
Pages: 13-18
Received: 7 July 2016
Accepted: 9 October 2016
Published: 18 October 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.plant.s.2017050501.12
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Abstract: Infectious diseases are one of the foremost causes of mortality and morbidity. In addition, day by day infection causing microbes are becoming resistant and modifying themselves into multi-drug resistant strains. So there is a crucial need to introduce new antibiotics to fight against these pathogens. The synthetic antibiotics are effective, but unsafe as well as are not consistent to use owing to the resistance building capacity of the microbes. Consequently, there is greater need for alternative treatments. Medicinal plants are store house of various types of phytochemicals and considered as a potential therapeutic remedy for numerous ailment. Therefore the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the leaves extract of Cajanus cajan (C. cajan) L. against coliform bacteria collected from tannery, tobacco and sugar mill waste water. In this study fresh leaves of C. cajan was extracted by using ethyl acetate, chloroform and n-Hexane. The antibacterial activity of these plant extracts was determined by measuring zone of inhibition (ZI) using the Agar disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by using the microbroth dilution method. Among three extracts highest (25±0.18 mm, ZI) antibacterial activity was reported by ethyl acetate extract of C. cajan leaves against coliform bacteria isolated from sugar mill waste water at the highest concentration with respect to chloroform and n-Hexane extracts. In addition, antibacterial activity was also higher for ethyl acetate extract against coliform bacteria isolated from tannery and tobacco waste water compared to remaining extracts. The MIC of the ethyl acetate extract ranged 550 to 570 µg/ml. Therefore ethyl acetate extract of C. cajan leaves could be used as antibacterial agents against diseases caused by coliforms.
Abstract: Infectious diseases are one of the foremost causes of mortality and morbidity. In addition, day by day infection causing microbes are becoming resistant and modifying themselves into multi-drug resistant strains. So there is a crucial need to introduce new antibiotics to fight against these pathogens. The synthetic antibiotics are effective, but un...
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Asparagus racemosus Linn. Potentiates the Hypolipidemic and Hepatoprotective Activity of Fenofibrate in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
Abdullah Al Mamun
,
Mahbubul Hossain
,
Ariful Islam
,
Sonia Zaman
,
Md. Sahab Uddin
Issue: Volume 5, Issue 5-1, October 2017
Pages: 1-12
Received: 12 July 2016
Accepted: 18 September 2016
Published: 18 October 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.plant.s.2017050501.11
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Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is strongly connected with changes in lipid profile and also can cause damage of several organs like liver over a long period of time. The purpose of this study was designed to evaluate the hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of ethanolic root extracts of Asparagus racemosus (EEAR) Linn. alone and in combination with a lipid lowering agent (fenofibrate) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male Wister albino rats by the administration of single intra-peritoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg b.w.). Two different doses of EEAR (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.) alone, fenofibrate (30 mg/kg b.w.) and a combination of EEAR (200 mg/kg b.w.) with fenofibrate (30 mg/kg b.w.) were administered orally for the period of 14 days. After the treatment period, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects were determined by examining serum biochemical markers including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminases (SGPT) and total protein (TP) with the aid of commercially available kits. The survival rate, body weight and organ weight were also measured. The ingestion of EEAR considerably (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001; p < 0.05, p < 0.01) modified the activity of TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and HDL cholesterol levels when compared to the disease control and fenofibrate treated rats. The administration of combination therapy significantly (p < 0.001; p < 0.001) improved the activity of TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and HDL levels when compared to that of disease control and fenofibrate treated rats. The rats treated with EEAR markedly (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001; p < 0.05) reduced the level of SGOT, SGPT and TP as compared to the disease control and fenofibrate treated rats. The suggested combination therapy significantly (p < 0.001; p < 0.001) decreased the level of SGOT, SGPT and TP when compared to that of disease control and fenofibrate treated rats indicated amelioration in liver dysfunctions. The maximum survival rate was 100% found in combination therapy. During treatment period, it was observed that the considerable (p < 0.01, p < 0.001; p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001) changes in the body weight were found in the EEAR treated rats and combination therapy on 10th and 14th day as compared to that of disease control and fenofibrate treated rats. In case of organs weight, the weight of the liver and weight of the pancreas were significantly (p < 0.001; p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001) decreased in the rats treated with highest dose of EEAR (Alx+ EEAR 400) and combination therapy when compared to the disease control and fenofibrate treated rats. The current study demonstrates that combination therapy of EEAR and fenofibrate was more effective than that of monotherapy in controlling diabetes mellitus associated with cardiovascular diseases and hepatic dysfunction in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is strongly connected with changes in lipid profile and also can cause damage of several organs like liver over a long period of time. The purpose of this study was designed to evaluate the hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of ethanolic root extracts of Asparagus racemosus (EEAR) Linn. alone and in combination with a lipi...
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